Solubility

Concept Explanation

Solubility

Solubility is the ability of the solvent to dissolve the solute(sugar). The solubility of a solute is defined as the maximum amount that dissolves in a given amount of solvent ar a specified temperature. When a specific amount of solvent contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute, the solution is said to be saturated. If less than the maximum amount is present, the solution is unsaturated.

Various factors that effect solubility are :-

Effect if temperature :- Most solids and liquids are most soluble in water at higher temperatures. Whereas gases become less soluble as the temperature increases.

This occur because with increase in the temperature kinetic energy of molecules of gases also increases which results in escape of gas molecules and make gas less soluble.

Effect of pressure :- Solubility also depends on pressure. When you increase the surrounding pressure, you can usually dissolve more gases in the liquid.

Nature of solvent :- Solvents with high value of dielectric constant can dissolve polar and ionic compounds to a larger extent than the solvents with low value of dielectric constants.

Nature of solute :- Ionic compounds are more soluble in water. Non - polar compounds are more soluble in non polar solvents like benzene.

Size of solute particles :Smaller the size of the particles greater is the solubility. Example , it is easier to dissolve powdered sugar than granules of sugar.

Mechanical stirring :- Mechanical stirring increases solubility. Example, sugar dissolves faster on stirring with a spoon.

Concentration of Solution :-

The amount of a solute in grams dissolved in 100 grams of a solvent to make a saturated solution is called the solubility of the solute in the given solvent at the given temperature and pressure of the solution.

Suppose ‘w’ g of a solute dissolves in ‘W’ g of a solvent to make a saturated solution at a fixed temperature and pressure. The solubility of the solute will be given by:

$large {color{Blue} }frac{w}{W};X ;100= frac{mass;of;solute}{mass;of;solvent}; X 100$

For example:

The solubility of sodium chloride in water at $20^{circ} C$ and 1 atm is 37.5 gm per 100 gm of water. This means that under normal conditions 100 gm of water at $20^{circ} C$ and 1atm cannot dissolve more than 37.5gm of sodium chloride.

Sample Questions

(More Questions for each concept available in Login)

Question : 1

Which of the following are correct : (a) As temperature increases, the solubility of a gases also decreases. (b) As temperature increases, the solubility of a liquid also increases. (c) As temperature increases, the solubility of a solid also increases.
A. Only (a) is correct.		B. Only (b) is correct.
C. Only (c) is correct.		D. All of these.
Right Option : D
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Question : 2

As temperature increases, the solubility of a solid substance _____________________.
A. Increases	B. Decreases	C. No change	D. Any of these.
Right Option : A
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Question : 3

Which of the following statement is incorrect ? Solvent is also known medium of dispersion. With increase of the temperature solubility of both liquid and gas dissolves in water. Solute is present in less amount then that of the solvent in a solution. There is no effect of temperature and pressure on the solubility of substances.
A. 1 and 2	B. 2 and 3	C. 2 and 4	D. All statements are incorrect
Right Option : C
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